comparison.SINO-TIBETAN.10_roots.htm

Chinese Bronze Sacral Vessel, 1500 BPE

PROTO-LANGUAGE PHONEMES

in IE and (Sino-)Tibetan

by Patrick C. Ryan

(8/2/97)

Additional 91 Root Cognates

PL / IE / (SINO-)TIBETAN LEXICAL COMPARISONS

(IE entries in parentheses are keywords in Pokorny unless marked by *)

[bold entries are Tibetan, taken from Das 1995 (reprint of 1902)]

continued

(101)X[H]A-RE, shar-pa, "collected, gathered" (p. 1232); (IE 1. kwer-, "finish")

(102)X[H]A-$A, shi-wa, "die" (p. 1233); (IE kwey6-)

(103)XA-R[H]E-F[H]A, g-shor (from*sharu), "passage for water" (p. 1251); (IE gwer-wa:-, listed under 1. gwer-)

(104)XA-RA-FA, b-shar-wa, "measure, weigh" (p.1253); (IE gwerú-s [for *gwrau-], "heavy", listed under 2. gwer-, gwer6-, gwer6u-, gweri:-; (cf. Egyptian S3w, "weight, worth")

(105)F[H]E ("wind"), wa, "extreme lightness, diffusion (mystical)" (p. 1061); (IE we:-, listed under 10. aw(e)-)

(106)FO-N[H]A, bal, "wool" (p. 868); (IE 1. wel-)

(107)FA-RE, bar, "intermediate space" (p. 866); (IE 9. wer-)

(108)P[?]O-FA, bo-wa, "expand as a bubble" (p. 877); (IE 2. b[e]u-)

(109)HA-QE, haq-wa, "pant, gasp" (p. 1327); (IE ang[^](h)-)

(110)HHO-F[H]A-RO, lho / hlo (from *Hol), "south" (p. 1340); (IE *auro- in Latin auro:ra; Welsh gwawr, "dawn"); (cf. Egyptian *h[w]r, "day[time]")

(111)N[H]E-FA, nyo-wa, "buy, obtain by payment" (p. 489); (IE 2. leu-)

(112)N[H]E-$A, m-nye-wa, "tan, rub" (p. 496); (IE 2. lei-)

(113)ME-FA-Q[H]O, myoq-wa, "enjoy, taste, perceive, lick, undergo" (p. 979); (IE *me-, "*tongue" + we(n)k-, "move around" = *m(y)eu(n)k-, under 2. meug- ["wrap the tongue around"])

(114)PF[H]O-F[H]A-S[H]E, s-pos, "incense, fumes, perfume" (p. 803); (IE p(h)us-, listed under 1. pu/u:-)

(115)MA-K[?]XA ("youth"), d-mag, "troops, army, soldiers" (p. 980); (IE maghos; mag[^]h-)

(116)K[?]XO-K[?]XO, in ga-ga tshil, "tickling" (p. 203); cf. ga-sha, "laughter" (p. 206); (IE gha-gha, "laugh"); (cf. Egyptian xx, "throat")

(117)K[?]XE-NA ("face"), gan, "near (*facing)" (p. 213); (IE g[^]han-); (cf. Egyptian Hn', "together with")

(118)K[?]O-R[H]E, gar, "dance" (p. 215); (IE 3. ger-)

(119)K[?]E-$A ("bent back"), in gya-pa, "disfigured" (p. 234) (cf. gya-gyu, "crookedness" [p. 233]); (IE gei-, "turn, bend")

(120)K[?]XA-R[H]E, gra-ma, "awn, beard, bristle" (p. 238); (IE 3. gher-)

(121)M[H]A-RE-FA, mur-wa, "gnaw, crush with the teeth" (p. 969); (IE merw-, listed under 5. mer-)

(122)R[H]E-F[H]A, ro-tsa, "sexual instinct, lust" (p. 1193); (IE 1. reu-)

(123)T[?]SE-F[H]E, du-wa, "(*wisp of)smoke" (p. 625); (IE 4. dheu-)

(124)T[?]A-?A, dra-wa, "cut, clip" (from *r-da) (p. 646); (IE da:-, "divide, cut apart, tear apart")

(125)T[?]A-NA ("acquire"), dran-pa, "think of, ponder" (from *r-dan) (p. 650); (IE *den-, under 2. dens-)

(126)T[?]SE-$A, dri, "odor, smell" (from *r-di) (p. 651); (IE dhei-, listed 1. dhe:-, "older family members ([fragrant]")

(127)P[H]E-R[H]E, H-phar-wa, "fly up" (p. 848); (IE 2. B. per-)

(128)PF[H]A-HA-$E-RO, H-phel-wa, "increase in number or size" (p. 849); (IE pe(:)i-ro-, under pey(6)-)

(129)P[?]FE-$E-K[?]E, H-big-s-pa, "pierce" (p. 918); (IE p(h)eig- (from s+*bheig[^]-), under 1. (s)p(h)e/e:i-)

(130)K[H]XE-F[H]A-K[?]O, H-khyug-pa, "run" (p. 195); (IE skeug-, listed under skeub-)

(131)K[H]XE-?E-RO, H-khyil-wa, "wind" (p. 195); (IE skrei-, listed under 3. (s)ker-)

(132)K[H]O-$E-$A-MA, khyim, "home" (p. 160); (IE k[^]ei-mo, listed under 1. k[^]ei-)

(133)P[?]O-RE-FA, H-bur-wa, "rise, swell up" (p. 920); (IE bhereu-, listed under 2. bher-)

(134)P[?]E-$E-P[?]E-$E, H-beb-s-pa, "throw down" (p. 921); (IE weib-, listed under weip-)

(135)P[?]O-F[H]A, H-bu, "worm, insect" (p. 919); (IE be:u- in Swedish bubba, "louse, listed under 2. b(e)u-)

(136)P[?]O-FA-T[?]O, H-bud-pa, "blow" (p. 919); (IE b(e)ud-, listed under 2. b(e)u-)

(137)P[?]E-MO, H-byam-pa, "flow over" (p. 923); (IE [s]wem-)

(138)P[?]FE-R[H]E-$A, H-byer-wa, "escape by flight" (p. 926); (IE bher(ey)- in Greek phéromai, "move myself fast", listed under 1. bher-)

(139)P[?]FE-T[?]SE, H-b-r-ad-pa, "scratch, be wrathful" (p. 928) (from *Hr-bad); (IE 1. bhedh- but possibly 2. bhedh-)

(140)MA-QO ("full-basket"), maq-wa, "many, much" (p. 953); (IE *mang-, listed under men(e)gh-) BUT SEE #158

(141)MA-R[H]E, mar, "butter" (p. 954); (IE [s]meru-)

(142)TS[H]E-NA, tsa-na, "while" (p. 995); (IE *ten-, should be listed under 1. to)

(143)TS[H]E-$E-P[?]FE, tseb-tseb, "sharp-pointed" (p. 999); (IE [s]te/e:ibh-)

(144)TS[H]E-K[?]XA, g-tsag-pa, "pierce"; (p. 1000);(IE [s]tegh-)

(145)TS[H]E-$E, r-tse, "peak" (p. 1012); (IE [s]tei-)

(146)TS[H]O-Q[H]O, tshaq-wa, "be complete" (p. 1020); (IE 2. tenk-)

(147)TS[H]O-QE, tshaq-s-pa, "clean, pure" (p. 1021); (IE 1. teng-; ta(n)g-)

(148)TS[H]O-NA, tshan, "party, band" (p. 1023); (IE 2. [s]ten-)

(149)TS[H]O-R[H]E-HHA, tshar-wa, "fulfil, finish" (p. 1024); (IE tra:-, listed under 4. ter-)

(150)T[H]A-K[?]XA-$A, b-tig-pa, "to drop, let fall in drops" (p. 529); (IE [s]tag(h)(y)-)

(151)TS[H]A-P[H]A, l-tab-ma, "put together" (p. 543); (IE 2. tap-)

(152)T[H]A-P[?]O-FA, s-tob-s, "semen" (p. 556); (IE tab(u)-, listed under ta:-)

(153)T[?]SO-FA-P[?]FE, m-dzub-mo, "finger, toe, claw" (p. 1050); (IE dheubh-, "peg")

(154)SO-FA, zho, "curds, (curdled) milk" (p. 1076); (IE 1. seu-)

(155)T[?]O-FA, r-do, "stone" (p. 702); (IE stew6- [from *s+dew-]); (probably originally "clod")

(156)SA-Q[H]A, b-zaq-po, "good in every respect" (p. 1109); (IE sa(n)k-)

(157)P[?]FE-R[H]E, s-byar-wa, "put together" (p. 939); (IE 1. bher-)

(158)MA-NA-K[?]XO, maq-wa, "be many" (p. 953); (IE men(e)gh-) BUT SEE #140

(159)K[?]A-RO, m-gal-wa, "jaw" (p. 282); (IE in gras-)

(160)K[?]O-FA-R[H]E, m-gur, "throat" (p. 282); (IE 1. gwer-)

(161)T[?]E-R[H]E-F[H]A, H-jur-wa, avoid, shun, go out of the way (p. 461); (IE dre:u-, listed under 3. (der-)

(162)P[?]A-RE-A, byer-wa (from *baray) (p. 893), separate, disintegrate; (IE wrei-, listed under 7. wer-)

(163)P[H]A-R[H]E-F[H]A, s-pro-wa, "go out, spread" (p. 813); (IE 2. B. per(w)-;spreu-, under 2. (s)p(h)er-)

(164)NA ("nostril"), s-na, "nose" (p. 764); (IE in nas-)

(165)P[?]FO-FA-T[?]SA, bod, "Tibet" (p. 878); (IE in bheudh-m(e)n)

(166)Q[H]A-RA, qar-wa, "hardness" (p. 351); (IE 3. kar-)

(167)K[?]XE-RE-E, s-gre-n-mo, "naked" (p. 336); (IE 2. g[^]her-; *g[^]hre:i- in Latin Gra:ius, "Greek")

(168)T[H]A-HA-$A-MO, thim-pa, "melt, dissolve" (p. 576); (IE ta:im-, listed under ta:-)

(169)M[H]A-NA, d-man, "low" (p. 981); (IE 4. men-)

(170)T[?]A-FA-T[?]A, H-dod-pa, "desire, wish" (p. 690); (IE 2. deu-; 2. [s]teu-d- {cf. 2. steu-})

(171)K[H]A-HA-FA, m-kho-wa, "wish, want" (p. 188); (IE ka:(u)- in Old Indian ca:yú-, "desirous")

(172)SA-E-MO, zim-bu, "fine, thin, slender" (p. 1094); (IE se/e:i-mo-, "thread")

(173)K[?]XE-E-QO, gyiq-mo, "gently sloping" (p. 235); "gradually descending or subsiding"; (IE geig[^](h)- (for *geingy-), "sloping, turned diagonally downward, lying diagonally, bent, squinting")

(174)RE-E-QA, req-wa, "stiff, congealed, tense, rigid" (p. 1191); (IE 2. strei[n]g-)

(175)T[?]A-R[H]A, H-dar-wa, "tremble, shudder, shiver, quake" (p. 680); (IE dra:-, listed under 3. (der-))

(176)?A-P[H]O, a-pha, "father" (p. 1344); (IE appa)

(177)T[?]SE-RE-FA, H-dor-wa, "throw out, cast out" (p. 695); (IE dhereu-, listed under 4. (dher-); streu-, listed under 4. ster-; cf. Tibetan g-tor-wa, "scatter, strew, spread over")

(178)RO-Q[H]A, ldaq-wa (from * n-laq), "rise, get up" (p. 708); (IE 1. re(n)k-)

(179)N[H]A-$E-K[?]XE, ldag-pa (from *n-l[y]ag; cf. Burmese lyak), "lick" (p. 708); (IE leig[^]h-)

(180)N[H]O-$A-R[H]E, ldir-wa, "be distended" (from *n-lir) [cf. le-lo, "laziness"] (p. 710); (IE 3. le:(i)-; *(s)lei-r- [cf. MHG slier], listed under (s)leu-)

(181)T[?]A-$E, de, "that" (p. 635); (IE dei- in Avestan dim, "him, her", listed under de-)

(182)P[H]O-F[H]A, phu-wa, "blow" (p. 823); (IE 1. pu/u:-)

(183)X[H]E-$E-T[?]A, dzhi/tshi (from*shid), indefinite formant; (IE k[w]id-, listed under k[w]o)

(184)P[H]E-HA-RE, phra, "fine, thin" (p. 842); (IE sp(h)e:-; 1. (s)per-)

(185)R[H]E-F[H]A-S[H]E, H-b-ros-pa, "run away, escape" (p. 935); (IE reus-, listed under 3. er-)

(186)T[H]A-F[H]A-P[?]A, s/g-tub(-s)-pa, "cut into pieces" (p. 550/524); (IE steub/p-, "stump", listed under 1. (s)teu-, "push, hit"; basis is tew6-)

(187)T[H]O-FA, tho-wa, "hammer" (p. 589); (IE 1. (s)teu-)

(188)T[?]A-FA, s-do-wa, "risk" (p. 720); (IE d6u-, listed under do:-)

(189)PF[H]O-F[H]A-QE, H-phuq-wa, "degenerate, decay" (p. 848); (IE pu[n]g[^]-, listed under 2. pu/u:-)

(190)$E-P[?]FO, yab, "father" (p. 1129); cf. also yab-pa, "move to and fro" (p.1129); (IE yebh-, listed under eibh-)

(191)HHA-F[H]A, Ho-ma, "milk" (p. 1116); (IE 9. aw(e)-)

**The correspondence of 191 roots and 22+ formants suffices for a preliminary study to establish the presumption of a genetic relationship.**

To investigate these correspondences in detail, see the

TABLE OF PL / IE / (SINO-)TIBETAN
CORRESPONDENCES

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