1 Aldous Huxley, Literature and Science, p. 67.

2 Leo Henkin, Darwinism in the English Novel, 1860-1910: The Impact of Evolution on Victorian Fiction, p. 267.

3 According to Gerald Heard, Wells privately called Brave New World a 'blasphemy against science' and therefore presumably took the point. Huxley himself denied that Wells was his specific target in the novel as it was finally written. See Letters of Aldous Huxley, ed. Grover Smith, pp. 3589.

4 Winwood Reade, The Martyrdom of Man (London, 1925), p. 328.

5 By Richard Gerber in Utopian Fantasy: A Study of English Utopian Fiction since the End of the Nineteenth Century, p. 24.

6 'Nature', in The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, ed. F.E.L. Priestley, Vol.10, pp. 396-7.

7 Alfred Russel Wallace, 'Human progress: past and future', Arena, vol. 5 (January 1892), p. 145.

8 George John Romanes, Darwin, and after Darwin..., Vol. 2, Post-Darwinian Questions: Heredity and Utility, pp. 32-3.

9 Grant Allen, 'Essays upon Heredity', Academy, vol. 37, (1 February 1890), p. 84. The linkage Allen makes here between Darwin's and Spencer's theories of inheritance looks more incongruous today than it would have in the 1890s.

10 G.C. Robson and O.W. Richards, The Variation of Animals in Nature, p. 316.

11 William McDougall, 'An Experiment for the testing of the hypothesis of Lamarck', British Journal of Psychology, vol. 17, (1927), p. 303.

12 There is a simplified account of this phenomenon in Conrad Waddington's Nature of Life, pp. 91-8. Even true Lamarckian inheritance at the level of the virus has recently gained an able supporter in E.J. Steele, Somatic Selection and Adaptive Evolution: On the Inheritance of Acquired Characters.

13 From PauI Kammerer's lecture 'The significance of the inheritance of acquired characters', as quoted in translation by Arthur Koestler, The Case of the Midwife Toad, p. 28.

14 Charles Darwin, The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, ed. Nora Barlow, pp. 90, 88.

15 John Tyndall, 'The scientific uses of the imagination', in his Fragments of Science for Unscientific People: A Series of Detached Essays, Addresses and Reviews, 6th edn, Vol. 2, p. 132. A paper first published in 1870.