by Patrick C. Ryan
(7/30/97)
The Proto-Language was composed of 90 monosyllables, to which meanings can be assigned
by:
1) locating the rare monosyllables still present in ancient languages: e.g. Egyptian *d, *"hand";
or Sumerian ta, "side";
2) analyzing CVC(V)-roots into their constituent components; examples of these analyses are
given in each of the essays comparing a language(-family) like Uralic with IE through the
Proto-Language.
A) It is not being asserted that IE is particularly closely related to any language being compared.
IE forms are presented only as a control on the correct analysis of forms in the target language
and reconstruction of underlying Proto-Language forms.
The inanimates are:
?A, forehead, brow, face, here, this (near speaker), across, at, plant-top (foliage), nuclear family,
straight, interrogative; $A, eye(-socket), watch, under, many (more than one = two), stone,
globular; FA, palm, flaccid penis (foreskin), petal, flower, fragile, flatly circular/ round,
constituting a number, set (of something), (former of numerals), navel, nest, former of bird
names; K?A, jaw, be chewed, cup, womb, kneecap; K?XA, hair, hang, behind; MA, female
breast, mound, full, mature, ripe, female, area; NA, nose, nasal passage, sniff, notice, rock, snort,
snivel, fear, inside, one (of many); P?A, buttock(s), seat, sit, half (one of two), piece, split; P?FA,
chin, be prominent, sprout; QA, bone(-marrow), tubular, plant-stem; RA, spinal column
(vertebrae), be loose/flexible, tree, mottled, tall; SA, sinew, strong, plant fiber; T?A, hand, leaf,
seep (hang at the side), give, be at the side; T?SA, body, elongated, self; XA, aperture to the
pharynx, soft palate, swallow, slit, trench, labia majora, press together; ?E, tooth, sharp
(edged), thorn (from fang), pointed, white, send, away, that yonder; $E, voice, diaphragm,
raise, breath, stem (of plant); FE, muscle, energetic, male, fresh, green; vine, tendril, tie; K?E,
erect penis, sprout, split open, male, be bowed forward; K?XE, face, gape, yearn, empty out,
strip, bare; ME, tongue, emit, call out, notable, middle, expel, push away; NE, mucus, slime,
ooze, sticky, putrid; P?E, urine, pour out; P?FE, toe, foot, root, be grooved, clam, track, former
of animal names, wheel, spoke; QE, milk, juice, ice, congeal, gum, cool; RE, fingernail, scratch,
apply, any one (of many), flake, rough (scratchy); SE, bodily excretions (excrement, semen,
sweat), sap, seed, excrete (forcefully), draw out; T?E, heel, grind, spin around; T?SE, finger, teat,
suck, release, pluck, detach; XE, body hair, fur, feather, prick, part; ?O, mouth, sound, that (near
person addressed), toward; $O, fist, hold, kernel, necessity, object; FO, ear, leaf, curl, hear; K?O,
neck, bow back, twist, rope; K?XO, throat, hole; MO, blood, flesh, surface, bulge, nouns of
place, feel; NO, stomach, store, put inside, discontinue, negative, feel (emotion), basket; P?O,
cheek, swell, testicle; P?FO, leg, trunk, stick, club, hit, fork (from legs), place, former of place
names; QO, skull, hollowly globular, ball, scrotum, sack, cloud, pot, catch, shoulder, attach; RO,
lip, raise, adult, part, nomen agentis; SO, skin, red, cloth, cart, pull back, suck up, absorb,
become damp; T?O, torso, organ, lump, male breast, put together; T?SO, arm, branch, retain,
handle, former of tools; XO, intestine, anus, squirt, below, malodorous, waist, bow.
The animates are:
FHA, spider, weave, be assembled (in a circle); HA, air; woman, be breathing, exhaling, duck,
hollow; HHA, water current, river, move (push forward), shiny (blue); KHA, goat, copulate,
desire fervently; KXHA, bee, pointed, sting, hurt, burn; MHA, ant, ceaselessly active, hand, slap,
pound, pinch, bite off, hold, former of work activities; low; NHA, wave, insect larva, swim,
vibrate, glitter, member, be mixed, be hidden; PHA, flea, flat, bite, (move) over, past, (surface,
face, front), pick off [from]); PFHA, sheep, spongy, fungus, stink, fat, feed on (browse); QHA,
cat, weasel, hump up, hard, high, shred, angular; RHA, bird, fly, high, colorful, color adjectives;
SHA, swine, be immobile, satisfied, lazy, come to an end, roll in mud, slobber, salty, female
(referring primarily to lack of mobility); THA, rat, dew, fox, steal, immerse, drip, damp, hide
one's self, escape, loosened, twitch, go into and thorugh (across), melt; TSHA, ass, rear up, lift
up, stand up, thick, excessive, kick, trample, prance; XHA, frog, squat, rest, croak, shallow,
pouch, flat pan; FHE, hare, tremble, weary, flutter, disperse; HE, louse, tick, river, spring, be
coming up from; HHE, smoke, go out of, be lacking, red; KHE, ox, shadow, gray, nearby, alter,
other (of two); KXHE, deer, run (away) fast; MHE, eel, thin, soft, smooth, gentle; NHE, worm,
entwine, spin, slippery, slide; PHE, mouse, small, shiver; PFHE, spark, sting, jump; QHE, lizard,
bustle, wriggle, spurred, scratch; hiss, flame, burning (cold); RHE, rain, panther / leopard, wet,
sprinkle, sift, come (down), fall; SHE, jackal, hyaena, male of herd animals, creep, separate, raw,
sour, acidic, one (single), cold, ache; THE, star, shine, contract (lose substance), dry; TSHE,
porcupine, spread out/open, bristle out, frightened, spiney, fuzzy; XHE, hedgehog, curl around
itself, be concerned, encircle, spiney, prick, specify, point at; FHO, wolf, wail, wind, be puffing,
(hunting) pack, surround; HO, otter, odor, beaver, rest; HHO, lion, sun, star, hot (air), charge,
pounce on, immobilize; KHO, animal young, young (little), reddish, be covered, protect; KXHO,
mollusc, sharp, cut, close; MHO, horse, nomad, wander, human, inhabitant, there, slip over,
smear, rub, overall, superlative; NHO, snail, strip, stripe, peel, small, slack, slow; PHO,
venomous snake, hiss, sniff, swell up, (nose); PFHO, cattle, puff, stamp; QHO, constrictor snake,
wrap one'self around, throttle, hook into (snare); RHO, antelope, spring, rise; SHO, herd (of
animals), same, friendly, follow, after, future, clan; THO, heat, warm, species (of animals), tribe,
accompany, approach, press against, move together, expand; TSHO, circling insect, swarm, move
in a circle, do again, stretch around, twist, twirl, drill, around, area, there, former of directions;
XHO, fish, pack together, quantity, exhale.
the latest revision of this document can be found at
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Patrick C. Ryan * 9115 West 34th Street - Little Rock, AR 72204-4441 * (501)227-9947
PROTO-LANGUAGE@WorldNet.att.net